{
    "query": "59",
    "resultCount": 2,
    "source": "kingbrand.com\/Studies.php",
    "results": [
        {
            "studyNumber": 87,
            "shortTitle": "Over-the-Counter NSAIDs Carry Significant Gastrointestinal Risk",
            "fullTitle": "Risk of serious upper gastrointestinal toxicity with over-the-counter nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.",
            "authors": "Lewis JD, Kimmel SE, Localio AR, Metz DC, Farrar JT, Nessel L, et al.",
            "journal": "Gastroenterology (2005)",
            "summary": "This study assessed the risk of serious upper gastrointestinal toxicity from over-the-counter (OTC) non-aspirin NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen. The researchers recruited 359 patients hospitalized for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, or benign gastric outlet obstruction from 28 hospitals, along with 1,889 control subjects. The study found that OTC NSAID use was associated with a significantly increased risk of serious upper gastrointestinal complications. Even though OTC NSAIDs are typically used at lower doses and for shorter durations than prescription NSAIDs, they still carried meaningful risk. The risk increased with higher doses and longer duration of use. Importantly, many patients who experienced GI complications had been using OTC NSAIDs at doses that are commonly considered safe for self-medication. The study also found that the risk was elevated even with short-term use in some cases, particularly when multiple doses were taken throughout the day. These findings are particularly relevant for individuals managing soft tissue injuries, who may take OTC pain relievers for extended periods while recovering. The results support the recommendation that even over-the-counter NSAIDs should be used judiciously, taken with food, limited to the lowest effective dose, and timed to avoid periods of activity where pain masking could lead to reinjury.",
            "pubmedUrl": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16344055\/"
        },
        {
            "studyNumber": 92,
            "shortTitle": "Topical NSAIDs Are Effective for Tennis Elbow Without Oral Side Effects",
            "fullTitle": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults.",
            "authors": "Pattanittum P, Turner T, Green S, Buchbinder R",
            "journal": "Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2013)",
            "summary": "This Cochrane systematic review analyzed 15 trials with 759 participants to evaluate the effectiveness of topical and oral NSAIDs for treating lateral elbow pain, commonly known as tennis elbow. The review found that topical NSAIDs were significantly more effective than placebo for short-term pain relief, with a number needed to treat of 7, meaning that for every 7 patients treated with topical NSAIDs, one additional patient experienced significant pain relief compared to placebo. Participants using topical NSAIDs also reported better overall treatment effectiveness at 28 days. Adverse effects from topical NSAIDs were minimal, with only mild skin reactions such as rash reported in 2.5% of users, compared to 1.3% with placebo. For oral NSAIDs, the evidence was conflicting. One trial found significant pain improvement compared to placebo while another found no difference, and neither showed improvement in function. Notably, oral NSAIDs were associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal side effects, and several participants had to discontinue treatment due to GI issues. The review found no trials that directly compared topical and oral NSAIDs head to head. These findings support the use of topical NSAIDs as a first-line option for conditions like tennis elbow, where the anti-inflammatory medication can be delivered directly to the injured tendon without exposing the gastrointestinal system to the risks associated with oral NSAIDs. For patients who do use oral NSAIDs, the evidence suggests limiting duration to the short term.",
            "pubmedUrl": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23728646\/"
        }
    ]
}